Independent analysis on European policy, integration, and democratic governance.
A comparative analysis of Russian Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference in EU Member States and the EU’s eastern neighbourhood (January 2025 to October 2026) — examining objectives, toolkits, laundering models, regional patterns and the limits of resilience. Executive Summary Russian information operations accompanied elections across…
The term Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI), formalised by the European External Action Service (EEAS), marks a deliberate analytical departure from earlier, narrower concepts. The EEAS defines FIMI as "a mostly non-illegal pattern of behaviour that threatens or has the potential to negatively impact…
